January Summary

JS Agriculture carrying out birch thinning in Horleyland Wood, Land East of the Railway Line

Things have been relentlessly damp here as that niggling hole in my hiking boots can attest to. The mud and standing water makes accessing sites with heavy duty equipment much harder work.

Coppicing on the south bank at Pond 3, Land East of the Railway Line 

Somewhere here, the pond stops and the path begins

JSA with Gatwick Greenspace, coppicing and habitat piling on the grassy slope, North West Zone

Creating bare earth patches on the grassy slope, North West Zone. Areas like this can be beneficial to certain invertebrate groups such as burrowing bees and carabid beetles

I quite like writing these summaries - searching through my photos from the the past month causes an 'oooh yeah, I forgot about that' moment.

A rare frosty day in January 2014. Wet scrubland west of Brockley Wood

I have continued with the odd wildlife survey and as the season progresses, our visiting thrushes seem to have changed their activity. They have been spending more time foraging at ground level while they search in the leaf litter. I am still seeing high numbers of Redwing, but much fewer Fieldfare then last month. The winter RiverSearch surveys have have been challenging, as the river features I am supposed to be mapping are mostly under the muddy water.

River Mole at Povey Cross. Today it was in-channel and mostly behaving

Also, we have carried out a dormouse box maintenance and winter clean-out job in Horleyland Wood. There has finally been some definite mammal activity in them, with plenty of Yellow-necked mice moving in. It is a similar story at the woodlands in nearby Crawley, where we even found a new nest of Yellow-necked mouse pinkies (babies). Despite the strange season, they will probably be doing quite well in this mild weather.

George turfing the old nesting material out of the dormouse boxes

Yellow-necked Mouse (Apodemus flavicollis), 

reluctantly waiting for us to finish the cleaning so she can move back in.

Making good use of our nesting boxes over winter, is the local spider community. I found around 6 different species on this day...

Your friendly neighbourhood Walnut Orb-weaver (Nuctenea umbratica),

 trying its best to look inconspicuous

Labulla thoracica, which belongs to the same family as the Money Spiders (Linyphiidae)

A small False Widow (Steatoda nobilis). And no, it did not go straight for my jugular

Thanks a bunch to Katie, George and my mum Sue for helping me out on these most recent surveys.
   I am amassing a collection of invertebrate pictures as I sort through the malaise trap invertebrate samples. One of the coolest things I've found so far is this awesome Sawfly: I think the genus is Cladius. It's feathered antennae look like massive antlers... I'll have to dedicate a separate post at some point to my desktop invertebrate finds.

Underside of a Sawfly (x10 magnification)

   I am still catching up on my species data entry for the past year. The final American Signal Crayfish count was 482, fished out of a 200m stretch of the River Mole. It will be interesting to see how many I get out of the same stretch next summer.

This was a single haul of the invasive crayfish species Pacifastacus leniusculus,
at the peak of summer 2013

A bad spate of affairs

I really feel for people in this area whose homes were affected by the recent flooding. On the other hand, it has made for some pretty good photo opportunities...

River Mole to the north of the airfield, North West Zone (Jan 2014)

Gatwick Airport operations were disastrously impacted over the Christmas period when an electricity substation flooded out in an unprecedented event. A lot of urgent work then had to be done to save several of the airfield regulators. Many people in surrounding areas such as Charlwood, Horley and Crawley were also badly affected, with some properties being flooded out on several occasions over the past month.

Airfield Engineering had a rather challenging time over the Christmas period (photo by David Maurice, Dec 2013). A contender for next year's airport greeting card, perhaps?

Apparently, a weather station at Reigate Grammar School measured 70mm (2.8") of rainfall over 23rd and 24th December, the highest ever recorded for (modern county) Surrey over a 24 hour period. With so much water falling so quickly in a largely concreted and industrialised area, the water drainage systems were severely pushed to their limits. In our woodlands and grasslands, the already saturated ground just couldn't take anymore and water was soon running off in torrents along paths and roads. The unseasonably warm weather means we probably have more heavy rain to come!

No training today at the Fire Training Ground (David Maurice, Dec 2013) 

Gatwick Stream and the cycle path (underwater) along the A23 at City Place (David Maurice, Dec 2013) 

The A23 by the South Terminal (David Maurice, Dec 2013) 

Although we might call this a '1 in 100 year' flood, we tend to have rather short memories when it comes to the weather. Apparently back in 1968 after an extreme rainfall (apparently in one area about 100mm fell in 24 hours), the water was halfway up these crash barriers as well as the South Terminal baggage system ending up under water. 

River Mole north of the airfield - March 2013. Here the river is in-channel

River Mole floodplain last week (Jan 2014)

The floodplain from the diverted River Mole section to the north of the airfield was created in 2000 and designed to hold a vast amount of water. The large meanders and natural pooling areas of the lower ground help to slow down the flow, hold more water and relieve some of the pressure further downstream in urban areas of Horley. This is a good example of an important ecosystem service which floodplains provide us.

River Mole Culvert Corner - December 2012

River Mole Culvert Corner - Jan 2014

For some wildlife, such as wetland birds, this is all rather fun with those pesky humans spending more time indoors and plenty of extra wetland about for foraging in. For other wildlife however, this amount of water could be devastating, particularly for ground hibernating animals such as harvest mice, bats, reptiles and invertebrates. There have been strange reports of whole armies of leatherjacket grubs (Cranefly larvae) marching out from saturated lawns. Those which cannot get away will die off, possibly meaning depleted food sources for other wildlife in the months to come.

River Mole netted section - April 2013

River Mole netted section - January 2014

This has all been rather interesting for the Surrey Wildlife Trust's RiverSearch project, which is building up a profile of the River Mole and associated streams as part of a catchment-wide scheme. At times like this, we can really see how these waterways are functioning: their attributes, limitations and what work needs to be done to ensure they keep functioning.

Finally, another trusty Gatwick coconut has made an appearance. I am currently tracking down the full story on these!

Malaising stuff

I am always amazed by the amount of rubbish appearing on shop shelves at Christmas; an annual bloom of crap. Where does it all go after it has been unwrapped and politely chuckled at? No wonder the retailers are working up a sweat every year, we are all running out of cupboard space.
   But this year, Secret Santa did good... I discovered a secondary use for my Xmas-tat in the form of a new invertebrate sample test-tube stand. So ta very muchly, whoever you were!

Wasp tequila slammer, anyone?

Back to our Malaise Trap: Gatwick Greenspace Partnership (GGP) helped install this tent-like apparatus last July in a small open area in the Land East of the Railway Line. This is an energy-saving way of collecting invertebrate samples because despite their fantastic physiology, refined adaptations and resilience, insects are actually pretty dumb. When meeting this in the field, the insect hits a central wall of fabric and instinctively flies upwards, being directed into a funnel at the apex then eventually dropping down into a collecting pot at the top. 

Assembling a malaise trap - People and Wildlife Officer Kev and volunteer Eloise from GGP

It might look gruesome and destructive, but we collect this way in just one small area for one season, minimising any impact on the local invertebrate populations. Some mini-beasts need to be very closely examined to determine the particular species and identification can involve pulling apart teeny-tiny genitalia, comparing the diverse shapes and structures under a microscope while referring to technical books. For the time being I'm passing that work onto someone else, instead just sorting these guys into orders such as flies (Diptera), bees and wasps (Hymenoptera) and beetles (Coleoptera), then from there into smaller groups such as families.

Collecting pot from the malaise trap. This haul was in the peak of summer after just one day

A pitfall trap - these were sunk into the ground nearby to target the trundling invertebrates

Natural history is a subject open to absolutely anyone with an inquiring mind, and entomology has an increasingly accessible side through online resources for identification such as iSpot, plus your local wildlife and conservation groups. You could perhaps start with the larger, more obvious things such as bees or butterflies, carefully collecting them into pots without causing them harm. Take a look, snap photos on your macro setting or test yourself online. Work away at that over a couple of seasons, getting to know the species which occur locally. Then you might decide you need more of a challenge, moving onto things requiring as closer look such as beetles and spiders. 

1 down, only 19 to go...

Invertebrate diversity is mind-blowingly huge, so getting to know the different species is an ongoing journey with always more to discover. Even if you don't know what it is you are looking at, its still bloody fascinating. As an entomologist from the NHM put it on Radio 4 the other day: its not rocket science, but it is value science! 

   There are some brilliant blogs out there with excellent macro photography of the small and unique, such as the very readable The Lyons Den, Mark Telfer's Blog and particularly the Cabinet of Curiosities for a window into that under appreciated part of our world.